Structure and Characteristics of Five Axis Mill

1. Structure of a five axis mill

1.1 Double pendulum

The two rotating shafts of the five axis mill are designed on the spindle, and when machining, the spindles and tools are to be linked and oscillating, making the rigidity of the spindle relatively poor and the machining efficiency low; in the case of the head pendulum, the length of the tool directly affects the length of the swing arm, and the error increases with the length of the tool. The machining cycle will also increase with the length of the tool, so the pendulum machine has strict requirements for the extension of the tool, milling oblique holes. feed direction and the tool's swing center will deviate, inevitably the appearance of elliptical holes.That is to say, positional errors are generated along with shape errors, and when the spindle oscillases, it eats the stroke in the swing plane, resulting in a smaller maximum workpiece size that can be machined during the 5 axis machining service. But double pendulums are the only way to process large parts, and only such structural machines can be designed to be larger and the workbench to carry more load.

1.2 Double turntable

Double turntable of 5-axis milling machine in the processing, because it is the workbench swing, no impact on the spindle, so the rigidity is very good, processing efficiency is high;the feed direction of the spindle and the center of rotation of the tool always coincide when machining holes, so there is no shape error; the weakness is that the machine can not be designed to be larger, because it is the workbench swing, the weight of the workpiece is a great problem, so can not machine large parts.

1.3 One pendulum and one turntable

The advantages of double turntable and double pendulum are collected, the workbench load is larger than double turntable, the weakness is that the length of the tool directly affects the length of the swing arm, and the error will increase with the length of the tool.

2. Features of a five axis mill

2.1 Horizontal 5 axis

The horizontal spindle enables the Z-axis to reach the longest travel distance in the machine of its class and achieves the best chip removal effect; the unique arrangement of the three straight-line shafts minimizes the distance between the rail and the machining point, giving the five axis mill great stability, and the spindle adopts the tunnel concept ,this allows the machine to operate at all rotating axes without any restrictions when using the longest tool, and the maximum workpiece machining can still be achieved, and horizontal machining achieves the best chip removal effect through the unique swing bench concept, using upside-down machining, and chip removal is completely automatic. Of course, the double turntable are gathered the advantages and disadvantages .

2.2 Non-orthogonal 5 axis

The rigidity of the five axis mill is better than that of the traditional orthogonal rigidity, because of the use of oblique contact, so the contact area is increased, because of the use of oblique contact, so the force point is not on the swing axis, over time, the non-orthogonal accuracy will be maintained the best. Because the swing shaft is not in the vertical direction, rotation takes up less space, so the five axis mill actual processing space is greater.

5 axis machining services technology involves numerical control process and numerical control programming technology, through the CAM system to generate tool track data files, but in order to meet the requirements of specific machine tools, but also to post-process the track data , in order to generate a drive five axis mill CNC program. Therefore, "post-processing technology" is one of the key technologies of numerical control technology, but also the link between machine tools and CAM systems.